From policy entrepreneurs to policy entrepreneurship: actors and actions in public policy innovation

Policy entrepreneurs are considered key actors in public policy. However, there so many definitions of what they can do that it is difficult to use this concept a systematic, analytical way. Starting with critique the tendency overstretch policy entrepreneur, we propose more parsimonious conceptualisation by de-personalising entrepreneurial actions and focusing on specific pattern action whose main task promote innovation. Thus, entrepreneurship conceptualised as (involving different types actors) focused innovation promotion pursued activities such framing problem, developing solutions, building coalition support, seeking opportunities attention. We also highlight prevalent resources for those activities. then apply two cases urban planning Italy discuss successful collective effort.